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The title and abstract read: The Four Laws of Black Hole Mechanics J. M. Bardeen* Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA B. Carter and S. W. Hawking Institute of Astronomy. University of Cambridge, England Received January 24, 1973 Abstract. Expressions are derived for the mass of a stationary axisymmetric solution of the Einstein equations containing a black hole surrounded by matter and for the difference in mass between two neighboring such solutions. Two of the quantities which appear in these expressions, namely the area A of the event horizon and the "surface gravity" k of the black hole, have a close analogy with entropy and temperature respectively. This analogy suggests the formulation of four laws of black hole mechanics which corre- spond to and in some ways transcend the four laws of thermodynamics.

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The title and abstract read: The Four Laws of Black Hole Mechanics J. M. Bardeen* Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA B. Carter and S. W. Hawking Institute of Astronomy. University of Cambridge, England Received January 24, 1973 Abstract. Expressions are derived for the mass of a stationary axisymmetric solution of the Einstein equations containing a black hole surrounded by matter and for the difference in mass between two neighboring such solutions. Two of the quantities which appear in these expressions, namely the area A of the event horizon and the "surface gravity" k of the black hole, have a close analogy with entropy and temperature respectively. This analogy suggests the formulation of four laws of black hole mechanics which corre- spond to and in some ways transcend the four laws of thermodynamics.
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Robert McNees (mcnees@mastodon.social)'s status on Sunday, 08-Jan-2023 19:56:59 UTC Robert McNees
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In January of 1973, Bardeen, Carter, and Hawking published their “four laws of black hole mechanics.”
https://projecteuclid.org/journals/communications-in-mathematical-physics/volume-31/issue-2/The-four-laws-of-black-hole-mechanics/cmp/1103858973.full
There was a zeroth law which, as is often the case with zeroth laws, you need not worry about.
The First Law related the change in a black hole's internal energy to changes in its area, angular momentum, and charge. The Second Law was Hawking’s area theorem. And the Third Law said a black hole can’t reach zero surface gravity through any physical process.

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