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How do you measure the energy of a particle? This usually boils down to two principles: put a material in the path of the particle that forces it to interact, ideally losing all of its kinetic energy in the process; make sure that material converts the kinetic energy of the particle into other forms of energy, like light, that can be detected and whose properties (e.g. intensity, duration of pulse, etc.) tell you about the original amount of energy. This is a CMS calorimeter crystal, one of many many thousands that are designed to cause electrons and photons to dump all of their kinetic energy as light. #MOSI https://chirp.cooleysekula.net/attachment/310